- Roundworms actually refer to an entire phylum of animals, most of which are non-parasitic. Also known as nematodes, roundworms are tiny, simple creatures that are some of the most common animals on the planet, living not only in the ground but in fresh and saltwater environments as well. In most cases, they coexist with the larger animals without a problem, but certain species have developed a life cycle dependent on infecting a host and reproducing inside its body.
- The most common way a parasitic roundworm gets into your body is when you consume something containing roundworm eggs. For instance, the parasite that causes trichinosis is a species that often infects pigs that are given tainted feed, and then the eggs can be passed to humans through undercooked pork. Coming in contact with the feces of an infected animal can be another source of infection, so care should be taken to maintain good hygiene procedures, especially when dealing with livestock. Another species known as the hookworm can actually penetrate bare skin, and can enter your body if you simply walk barefoot over infected soil.
- Once a roundworm enters your body, it typically migrates to the intestinal tract. There, the worms begin to reproduce, sometimes migrating to other parts of the body. As the infection spreads, symptoms appear and worsen, and eggs are typically passed out through the digestive system and can infect others who come in contact with them.
- Common symptoms of roundworm infections are abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation or other gastrointestinal upset. Species which migrate to other parts of the body can cause respiratory symptoms, muscle pain, fever and anemia. Smaller infestations may be asymptomatic, but live worms or eggs can sometimes be detected in the stool.
- Roundworms are also common parasites in pets. Some infections will cause symptoms of distress, but the most common method of detection is noticing live worms in the animal's feces. Should one of your pets become infected with roundworms, consult your veterinarian for a treatment regimen to remove the parasites, and take hygienic precautions to ensure the parasites are not transferred to you or your family.
- The primary way to avoid infection is to practice good hygiene. Washing hands thoroughly and avoiding contact with fecal matter as much as possible will reduce your chances of picking up most forms of roundworm infection. For food-borne parasites, cooking meat to recommended temperatures is the best way to ensure any larva or eggs are destroyed. Should you become infected, your doctor will be able to diagnose the species of the parasite through a stool sample, and prescribe medication designed to kill the unwanted visitors.