- Grow the cacao tree in well-draining, slightly acidic soil with partial shade and consistent temperatures between 65 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Grow the tree under the canopy of a tall, overhanging tree or next to a tall building. Ensure the spot is protected from winds. However, avoid heavy shade, which will cause the tree to grow spindly.
- Proper irrigation is essential for the development of healthy pods and leaves. Inadequate water causes premature leaf drop and smaller fruit and flowers. Although the capacity of soils to retain moisture differs, irrigate the soil two to three times a week to ensure the roots remain evenly moist most of the time. Allow the top of the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Avoid overwatering the soil or causing roots to stand in water, to prevent root rot.
- Apply small and regular amounts of fertilizer to assist fruit production and tree growth. Feed smaller trees 1/4 lb. of well-balanced, complete fertilizer every two to three weeks, increasing the dosage as the tree grows larger. Provide 2-year-old trees 1 to 2 lbs. of fertilizer every month during the growing phase. Reduce fertilizer rates between November and February, when the tree becomes dormant.
- Spread 3 to 6 inches of organic mulch, including wood chips, bark or dried grass, around the cacao tree to retain soil moisture and keep roots cool. Space the mulch 6 to 8 inches from the base of the trunk to prevent rot. Maintain the level of mulch year-round.
- Grow a self-compatible variety or plant two or more compatible varieties near each other to promote healthy bean production. Hand pollination is one means of increasing the formation of pods. Flowers open early in the morning, so brush the bristles of an artist's small paint brush with the anthers of an open flower and then with the stigma of another flower. Cacao trees are also susceptible to fungal diseases that occur due to improper cultural practices.