- SunflowersHilary Brodey/Photodisc/Getty Images
Before settlers came from the east and cultivated fields for crops and livestock, most of Illinois consisted of prairie grasses with some woodlands. Native plants flourish in the areas where they were originally found in the wild, and many provide food to native species of birds and mammals. However, according to the University of Illinois Extension, not every native plant is a good match for every garden. Many grow rapidly in their natural habitat, overcrowding other plants, a factor gardeners must take into consideration when choosing plants. - Bee balm, or Monarda didyma, matures at 2 to 3 feet in height. Its fragrant red blossoms attract bees, which aid in pollinating other plants in the garden. Bee balm needs moist, well-drained soil and does best in full sunlight. If planted in shade, it can spread aggressively, according to the University of Illinois Extension. Bee balm blooms from mid-summer to early fall.
- Oxeye sunflower, or Heliopsis helianthoides, grows up to 6 feet tall. This native sunflower displays its bright yellow blooms throughout the summer. Sunflowers need full sun, but can do well in moist and well-drained or drier soils. In the wild, oxeye sunflowers grow on the prairies or in the woods. Add this eye-catching, tall flower to your Illinois native landscape.
- Prairie phlox, or Phlox pilosa, blooms in a profusion of pink flowers each spring. As the name indicates, prairie phlox is a midwestern native, and is found on the prairie and in woodlands in its natural habitat. Maturing between 1.5 and 2 feet high, prairie phlox prefers well-drained moist soil and full sun, although it can grow in partial shade.
- The Chicago Botanic Garden features an area planted with native species as an example of what local gardeners can do in their home landscapes. Prairie smoke, or Geum triflorum, forms clumps, with its purple flowers blooming throughout the spring. Plant in full sun, with well-drained soil. Prairie smoke does not like wet feet, so do not plant in soggy areas. It matures between 1 and 1.5 feet.
