- A few physical traits distinguish drought-tolerant trees from other types and help them conserve moisture and stay cool. Such trees often have small leaves, which prevent evaporation from the sun and use water more efficiently. These trees often exhibit upright tops rather than widespread canopies, preventing moisture loss. Also, multiple layers of crown help protect leaves from the drying sun. Drought-resistant trees tend to have thick, wavy leaves and deep, extensive root systems.
- The European olive tree is renowned for its resistance to drought once established. It has a strong, extensive root system, allowing it to survive during long periods of drought without withering. This evergreen tree is native to the Mediterranean, Africa and Asia. It grows to a short height, usually no taller than 20 or 30 feet. These trees thrive in sunny locations with well-draining soil. The most drought-tolerant of evergreen trees is the Blue Sapphire cypress.
- Scarlet oak is a fast-growing, sun-loving tree that thrives in dry landscapes. It is often cultivated for its wood and is a popular shade tree due to its drought-tolerance. The scarlet oak is common to upland slopes and ridges that receive little rainfall, making it resistant to withering in low moisture. Leaves turn to scarlet red in autumn, giving the tree its name. It is generally faster growing than most other dry-site trees.
- The hedge maple is commonly pruned in Europe into a hedge, hence its name. If allowed to grow fully, the tree will reach 25 to 35 feet in both height and width. This tree prefers well-drained soils and is drought-tolerant, so it is resistant to withering in dry times. It grows best in dry, alkaline soils and does not grow well in compacted soil. It has a dense array of branches and a round crown. In the summer, the leaves are dark green but turn yellow in autumn. Another deciduous tree that does not typically wither is the bur oak.
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