- Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism begins with a physical exam and is confirmed with a blood test that reveals elevated levels of thyroxine. A radioactive iodine uptake test or thyroid scan may be used as further confirmation.
- Radioactive iodine, administered orally, is absorbed by the thyroid and gradually causes it to slow down. This treatment generally is given for a three- to six-month period.
- Propylthiouracil and methimazole, medications that inhibit the production of thyroxine, are often used to treat an overactive thyroid. Symptoms usually begin to subside within six to 12 weeks of taking the mediation, but treatment continues for about a year.
- Beta blockers are used to treat hypertension, but they are often part of the prescription for hyperthyroidism as well. They don't treat the condition itself, but the heart-related symptoms that come with the condition, such as accelerated heart rate and palpitations.
- If an overactive thyroid doesn't respond to simpler treatments, most of the thyroid may be surgically removed. This is a risky procedure that requires lifelong medical care, and is reserved as a last resort.
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