Demography
PH1 has an estimated prevalence ranging from one to three per million and an estimated incidence rate of ~1:100 000 live births per year in Europe. Higher rates are reported in isolated populations. PH accounts for ~1% of paediatric end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in registries from Europe, USA and Japan. In contrast, PH is more prevalent in countries where consanguineous marriages are common: ~10% of Kuwaiti and ~13% of Tunisian children with ESRD have been reported to have PH.