Placenta Might Have Its Own Helpful Bacteria By Dennis Thompson

HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, May 21, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- How newborns receive the colonies of helpful bacteria that reside in all people and make human life possible has been a mystery.

A new study suggests that the placenta -- long thought a sterile environment -- actually contains a small but diverse bacterial community (a "microbiome") that might serve a crucial role in preparing newborns for life outside the womb.

"We hypothesize it's the first feeding of the infant's microbiome," said lead author Dr. Kjersti Aagaard, an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. "The different bacteria that we observed in the placenta are the same bacteria we see in the infant in the first week of life."

The bacteria in the placenta most closely resemble the bacteria that normally reside in a person's mouth, the researchers noted.

That could mean that a mother's oral health is even more important to the health of her unborn child than previously thought, said Dr. Jacques Moritz, director of gynecology at Mount Sinai St. Luke's in New York City. Moritz was not involved with the study.

"Possibly people with gum disease have more pockets of this bacteria and are chronically overloading the body with bacteria," Moritz said. "That bacteria could concentrate in the placenta and cause premature delivery."

The new research, published May 21 in Science Translational Medicine, did find that the bacteria in the placenta differs between premature and normal births. However, Aagaard was quick to note that her study does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship between those differences and premature delivery.

"The placenta has a unique community profile depending on when the infant is delivered," she said. "All we can tell you is they're different, and that's an important thing to point out."

Bacteria thrive throughout the human body, supporting functions such as digestion and immune response that are essential to life. These microbes outnumber the body's cells 10 to 1, according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

Aagaard and her colleagues studied samples from more than 300 placentas to see whether babies might receive their first dose of life-sustaining bacteria from this crucial organ. The placenta connects a developing fetus to the uterus, allowing the unborn child to receive nutrients from its mother.